Biology 4412

Course Materials

PowerPoint Lectures

Readings

Class 11 (Instructor's demo presentation) February 21st

Functional equivalence of conserved proteins

Halder, G. Callaerts, P. Gehring, W. (1995) Induction of ectopic eyes by targeted expression of the eyeless gene in Drosophila. Science 267: 1788-1792.

Hanks M, Wurst W, Anson-Cartwright L, Auerbach AB, Joyner AL. (1995) Rescue of the En-1 mutant phenotype by replacement of En-1 with En-2. Science 269: 679-682.

Loomis CA, Harriss E, Michaud J, Wurst W, Hanks M, Joyner AL. (1996) The mouse Engrailed-1 gene and ventral limb patterning. Nature 382: 360-363

Class 12 ( Student presentation) February 23rd

Evolution via regulatory change

Arnone, MI. Davidson, EH. The hardwiring of development: organization and function of genomic regulatory systems. Development 1997; 124: 1851-1864.

Averof, M. Patel, NH. Crustacean appendage evolution associated with changes in Hox gene expression. Nature 1997; 388: 682-686.

Class 13 ( Student presentation) Februray 28th

Origins of toolkit genes and metazoans

King N, (2004) The unicellular ancestry of animal development. Dev. Cell 7: 313-325.

King N, Hittinger CT, Carroll SB. (2003) Evolution of key signaling and adhesion protein families predates animal origins. Science 301: 361-363

Class 14 ( Student presentation) March 2nd

Origins of bilateral symmetry

Finnerty, JR. et al. (2004) Origins of bilateral symmetry: Hox and Dpp expression in a sea anemone. Science 304: 1335-1337.

Kusserow, A. et al. (2005) Unexpected complexity of the Wnt gene family in a sea anemone. Nature 433: 156-160.

Class 15 ( Student presentation) March 7th

Origins of segmentation

Davis, GK. and Patel, NH. The origin and evolution of segmentation. Trends Cell Biol. 1999; 9: M68-72.

Holland, L.Z. Kene, M. Williams, NA. Holland, ND. Sequence and embryonic expression of the amphioxus engrailed gene (AmphiEn): the metameric pattern of transcription resembles that of its segment-polarity homolog in Drosophila. Development 1997; 124: 1723-1732.

Class 16 ( Student presentation) March 9th

The vertebrate segmentation clock

Palmeirim I, Henrique D, Ish-Horowicz D, Pourquie O. (1997) Avian hairy gne expression identifies a molecular clock linked to vertebrate segmentation and somitogenesis. Cell 91: 639-648.
Pourquie O (2003) The segmentation clock: converting embryonic time into spatial pattern. Science 301: 328-330.

Class 17 ( Student presentation) March 21st

Origins of axial patterning

Burke AC, Nelson CE, Morgan BA, Tabin C. (1995) Hox genes and the evolution of vertebrate axial morphology. Development 121: 333-346.

Brooke NM, Garcia-Fernandez J, Holland PWH. (1998) The ParaHox gene cluster is an evolutionary sister of the Hox-gene cluster. Nature 392: 920-922

Class 18 ( Student presentation) March 23rd

Insect wing evolution

Carroll SB, Weatherbee SD, Langeland JA. (1995) Homeotic genes and the regulation and evolution of insect wing number. Nature 375: 58-61.

Rogers BT, Peterson MD, Kaufman TC. (1997) Evolution of the insect body plan as revealed by the Sex combs reduced expression pattern. Development 124: 149-157.

Damen WGM, Saridaki T, Averof M. (2002) Diverse adaptations of an ancestral gill: a common evolutionary origin for wings, breathing organs, and spinnerets. Current Biology 12: 1711-1716

Class 19 ( Student presentation) March 28th

Cooption of developmental modules in butterfly wing patterning

Keys DN et al. (1999) Recruitment of a hedgehog regulatory circuit in butterfly eyespot evolution. Science 283: 532-534.

Weatherbee SD et al. (1999) Ultrabithorax function in butterfly wings and the evolution of insect wing patterns. Current Biology 9: 109-115.

Reed RD, Nagy LM. (2005) Evolutionary redeployment of a biosynthetic module: expression of eye pigment genes vermillion, cinnabar, and white in butterfly wing development. Evolution & Development 7: 301-311.

Class 20 ( Student presentation) March 30th

Evolution of vertebrate jaws

Schilling T. (2003) Making Jaws. Heredity 90: 3-5.Depew MJ, Lufkin T, Rubenstein JLR. (2002) Specification of jaw subdivisions by Dlx genes. Science 298: 381-385.

McCauley DW, Bronner-Fraser M. (2004) Conservation and divergence of BMP2/3 genes in the lamprey: expression and phylogenetic analysis suggest a single ancestral vertebrate gene. Evolution & Development 6: 411-422.

Class 21 ( Student presentation) April 5th

Evolution of vertebrate teeth

Stock DW. (2001) The genetic basis of modularity in the development and evolution of the vertebrate dentition. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 356: 1633-1653.

Kangas AT, Evans AR, Thesleff I, Jernvall J. (2004) Nonindependence of mammalian dental characters. Nature 432: 211-214.

Plikus MV, et al. (2005) Morphoregulation of teeth: modulating the number, size, shape and differentiation by tuning Bmp activity. Evolution & Development 7: 440-457

Class 22 ( Student presentation) April 6th

Evolution of the beak

Pennisi, E. (2004) Bonemaking protein shapes beaks of Darwin’s finches. Science 305: 1383.

Abzhanov A. et al. (2004) Bmp4 and morphological variation of beaks in Darwin’s finches. Science 305: 1462-1465.

Wu, P. et al. (2004) Molecular shaping of the beak. Science 305: 1465-1466.

Class 23 ( Student presentation) April 11th

Vertebrate limb specification

Cohn, MJ. Patel, K. Krumlauf, R. et al. (1997) Hox9 genes and vertebrate limb specification. Nature 387: 97-101.

Gibson-Brown, JJ. Agulnik, S. Silver, LM. Niswander, L. Papaioannou, VE. (1998) Involvement of T-box genes Tbx2-Tbx5 in vertebrate limb specification and development. Development 125: 2499-2505.

Ruvinsky, I. Gibson-Brown, JJ. (2000) Genetic and developmental bases of serial homology in vertebrate limb evolution. Development 127: 5233-5244.

Class 24 ( Student presentation) April 13th

Vertebrate limb specification II

Takeuchi, JK. et al. (1999). Tbx5 and Tbx4 genes determine the wing/leg identity of limb buds. Nature 398: 810-814.

Minguillon C, Del Buono J, Logan MP. (2005) Tbx5 and Tbx4 are not sufficient to determine limb-specific morphologies but have common roles in initiating limb outgrowth. Dev. Cell 8: 75-84.

Class 25 ( Student presentation) April 18th

Appendage loss and regain!

Cohn, MJ. and Tickle, C. (1999) Developmental basis of limblessness and axial patterning in snakes. Nature 399: 474-479.

Whiting MF, Bradler S, Maxwell T. (2003) Loss and recovery of wings in stick insects. Nature 421: 264-267.

Class 26 ( Student presentation) April 20st

Vertebrate eye reduction and loss

Dowling TE, Martasian DP, Jeffery WR. (2002) Evidence for multiple genetic forms with similar eyeless phenotypes in the blind cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19: 446-455.

Yamamoto Y, Esipinasa L Stock DW, Jeffery WR. (2003) Development and evolution of craniofacial patterning is mediated by eye-dependent and –independent processes in the cavefish Astyanax. Evolution & Development 5: 435-446.

Yamamoto, Y, Stock, DW, Jeffery, WR. (2004) Hedgehog signaling controls eye degeneration in blind cavefish. Nature 431: 844-847

Class 27 (Someone and Student presentation) April 25th

Evolution of stickleback morphology

Colosimo PF, Peichel CL, Nereng K, Blackman BK, Shapiro MD, Schluter D, Kingsley DM. (2004) The genetic architecture of parallel armor plate reduction in threespine sticklebacks. PloS Biology 2: 635-641.

Shapiro MD, Marks ME, Peichel CL, Bvlackman BK, Nereng KS, Jonsson B, Schluter D, Kingsley DM. (2004) Genetic and developmental basis of evolutionary pelvic reduction in threespine sticklebacks. Nature 428: 717-723.

Kimmel CB, Ullmann B, Walker C, Wilson C, Currey M, Phillips PC, Bell MA, Postlethwaite JH, Cresco WA. (2005) Evolution and development of facial bone morphology in threespine sticklebacks. PNAS 102: 5791–5796.

Class 28 (Someone Student presentation) April 27th

The value of complete genome sequences

International Chicken Genome Sequencing Consortium (2004) Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution. Nature 432: 695-716.

Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome